It's not really, actually.ChronicLyme19 wrote:I do still agree that sexual transmission of lyme is plausible,
Plausibly, at best perhaps it may happen as a very rare accident, just like transmission via mosquitoes.
It's not really, actually.ChronicLyme19 wrote:I do still agree that sexual transmission of lyme is plausible,
Wait, if it can happen once, then it could be plausible right? I meant nothing about the frequency of it actually happening, just that it seems it could. If it can float around in our secretions and the partner has a cut then in theory it could infect the other person right?Martian wrote:Plausibly, at best perhaps it may happen as a very rare accident, just like transmission via mosquitoes.
Perhaps in theory, but I think studies indicate that Bb needs the tick route to get "activated", so to speak.ChronicLyme19 wrote:Wait, if it can happen once, then it could be plausible right? I meant nothing about the frequency of it actually happening, just that it seems it could. If it can float around in our secretions and the partner has a cut then in theory it could infect the other person right?Martian wrote:Plausibly, at best perhaps it may happen as a very rare accident, just like transmission via mosquitoes.
There's no doubt that differences exist between various types of spirochetes and their modes of transmission, however a few researchers have commented on similarities when they believe they exist.Henry wrote:Not all Treponema are equal and cause diseases like syphilis. For example, Treponema denticola is a common inhabitant of the oral microbial flora. Although it, in conjunction with other microbes causes gingivitis, it in no way causes a disease like syphilis. So, be careful about drawing certain analogies, especially with respect to spirochetes. And, then there are the Leptospira .that cause other types of diseases. not at all like syphilis. The pathologies associated with these spirochetal infections are distinctly different.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25080350J Neuroinflammation. 2011 Apr 20;8:36. doi: 10.1186/1742-2094-8-36.
Indications of Th1 and Th17 responses in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with Lyme neuroborreliosis: a large retrospective study.
Henningsson AJ1, Tjernberg I, Malmvall BE, Forsberg P, Ernerudh J.
Author information
1Department of Infectious Diseases, Ryhov County Hospital, Jönköping, Sweden.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Previous studies indicate that successful resolution of Lyme neuroborreliosis (NB) is associated with a strong T helper (Th) 1-type cytokine response in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) followed by a down-regulating Th2 response, whereas the role of the recently discovered Th17 cytokine response is unknown.
[snip]
CONCLUSION:
Our results support the notion that early NB is dominated by a Th1-type response, eventually accompanied by a Th2 response. Interestingly, IL-17 was increased exclusively in CSF from patients with confirmed NB, suggesting a hitherto unknown role for Th17 in NB. However, for conclusive evidence, future prospective studies are needed.
PMID:
21507218
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
PMCID:
PMC3108302
Free PMC Article
Edited to add:PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014 Jul 31;8(7):e3004. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003004. eCollection 2014.
Increased interleukin-17 in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid of neurosyphilis patients.
Wang C1, Zhu L2, Gao Z2, Guan Z1, Lu H1, Shi M1, Gao Y1, Xu H1, Yang XF3, Zhou P1.
Author information
1 STD Institute, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
2 Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Clinical School of Anhui Medical University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
3 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America.
Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Treponema pallidum infection evokes vigorous immune responses, resulting in tissue damage. Several studies have demonstrated that IL-17 may be involved in the pathogenesis of syphilis. However, the role of Th17 response in neurosyphilis remains unclear.
[snip]
CONCLUSIONS:
These findings indicate that Th17 response may be involved in central nervous system damage and associated with clinical symptoms in neurosyphilis patients. Th17/IL-17 may be used as an alternative surrogate marker for assessing the efficacy of clinical treatment of neurosyphilis patients.
PMID:
25080350
[PubMed - in process]
PMCID:
PMC4117445
Free PMC Article
Edited once again to add:Exp Neurol. 2014 Dec;262PA:18-27. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2014.03.009. Epub 2014 Mar 27.
Th17 cells in central nervous system autoimmunity.
Sie C1, Korn T2, Mitsdoerffer M3.
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most important autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Its animal model experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) has been instrumental in defining the features of the novel T helper cell subset Th17. Conversely, the broad characterization of Th17 immune responses has substantially advanced our understanding of organ-specific autoimmunity and inspired almost a decade of immunological research. Here, we review the current knowledge on Th17 cells and their contribution to the immunopathology in EAE and MS, covering recent proceedings in the induction, modulation and effector mechanisms of this versatile T lymphocyte subset. In particular, we discuss the emerging role of mucosal immunity in the regulation of Th17 cells and CNS autoimmunity, the accumulating evidence for extensive plasticity in the Th17 subset, and their molecular mode of action in promoting this debilitating disease.
Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
KEYWORDS:
Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis; Multiple sclerosis; Th17 cells
PMID:
24681001
[PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Nervenarzt. 2005 Jun;76(6):724-32.
[Neurosyphilis and neuroborreliosis. Retrospective evaluation of 22 cases].
[Article in German]
Blatz R1, Kühn HJ, Hermann W, Rytter M, Rodloff AC.
Author information
1Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Universität Leipzig.
Abstract
We present laboratory data from 22 patients suspected of having neurosyphilis. In two cases the suspicion could not be confirmed, and in 20 cases neurosyphilis was detected. The sera from 17 patients were also assayed for Borrelia-specific antibodies. Suspicious immunoglobulin G antibody indices were detected in nine cases and a suspicious immunoglobulin M antibody index in one. In six of these, stored CSF/serum pairs were available to specify the antibodies by immunoblotting. This allowed for the identification of one patient apparently infected by both Borrelia spp. and Treponema pallidum. In all cases of newly suspected neurosyphilis, we recommend considering neuroborreliosis at the same time.
PMID:
15580469
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
The problem is that as long as persons stung by mosquitoes and getting sick after a while are not tested for Lyme disease, we will never know if transmission via mosquitoes is so rare as it seems to be now. A xenodiagnosis study might bring the answer.Plausibly, at best perhaps it may happen as a very rare accident, just like transmission via mosquitoes.
I sense hurt feelings due to loss of control. The quality and trustworthiness of "peer-review" is so low, F1000 Research papers are probably as good as many "reputable scientific journals". Groupthink and career fear permeate the peer review process. Lets face it, once a group of controlling good old boys decide what is evidence and factual, the peer review is often just a method for directing the strongest personalities beliefs. Very much like the church.All should note that F1000 Research is one of those "publish first, review later -- if at all" -- type of on-line publications, that gives science a bad name. In other words, it will publish any kind of "crap", work that is unable to pass the test of rigorous peer-review required for a reputable scientific journal. Here is a statement of their policy:
down to pseudoscience of managed evidence. The HMO of science.rigorous peer-review required for a reputable scientific journal.