Bacteriopahges of Borrelia - Scant literature -many unknown

[inmacdonald]

Bacteriopahges Interact with Borrelia Spirochetes ; An as yet Orphan topic for Scientific Research.
Dear Brian,
Bacteriophages of Borrelia have been documented by very few observers
The Earliest and best paper, in my view was a manuscript by SF Hayes and W. Burgdorfer.
which demonstrated an un-named Bacteriophage attached to spiral borrelia and to Gemmae of Borrelia
by TEM [ Transmission Electrons Microscopy ] with beautiful images of phages co-opting living borrelia
just prior to cell lysis and phage release.


Link:
http://jb.asm.org/content/154/3/1436.full.pdf { full Text}
Abstract:

Bacteriophage in the Ixodes dammini spirochete, etiological agent of Lyme disease.

SF Hayes, W Burgdorfer, AG Barbour - Journal of bacteriology, 1983 - Am Soc Microbiol

ABSTRACT A bacteriophage with a B-3 morphology was detected by electron microscopy in
a spirochete isolated from the tick Ixodes dammini. It has a 40-to 50-nm elongated head and
a tail 50 to 70 nm in length. It appears devoid of collars or kite-tail structure. The spirochete ...

Cited by 37 Related articles All 6 versions Cite Save

Bacteriopahges Interact with Borrelia Spirochetes ; An as yet Orphan topic for Scientific Research.
Dear Brian,
Bacteriophages of Borrelia have been documented by very few observers
The Earliest and best paper, in my view was a manuscript by SF Hayes and W. Burgdorfer.

which demonstrated an un-named Bacteriophage attached to spiral borrelia and to Gemmae of Borrelia
by TEM [ Transmission Electrons Microscopy ] with beautiful images of phages co-opting living borrelia
just prior to cell lysis and phage release.

Many believe that the mini-chromosomes {plasmids} are in part or wholly derived from
bacteriophage interactions with Bb.

Unfortunately the subsequent literature on Bacteriophages of borrelia is very short,
and reduced to two peer reiviewed manuscripts : Hayes and Burgdorfer, and Eggers et al::

indeed too short a list of peer reviewedmanuscripts to do justice to this important topic.

Links: {all-Peer Reviewed and Commnetaries on Bacteriophages of Borrelia}
http://campother.blogspot.com/2011/04/p ... rferi.html
http://jb.asm.org/content/181/23/7308.full {Eggers et al}
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ar ... 0889900831
http://www.actionlyme.org/PIIB.htm (speculations of Phages and Weaponizing Bb).




Can phages be harnessed for therapeutic Good?
Can Phages be used to"bust open" biofilm communities of Borrelia ( pure ofr mixed with other microbes)/???
Can Phages be utilized for increasing virulence and for increasing the Borrelia Threats to public health/???
These questions remain in the diaphanous Ether..

Borrelia specific Baceriophages may be a vehicle for Later DNA transfer between borrelia
or between borrelia and other microbes.

Phage biology of borrelia is a Welcomng home for a Career of work for young investigators.

Best to you

Respectfully,
Alan B. MacDonald, MD, FCAP FASCP
February 3, 2014

[volumi]

Has biofilm colonies been expressed in vivo yet? What would be the point of these biofilms, when Lyme already is IL-10 inhibitor, i.e. immunosuppression? Why would there need to be biofilms to explain chronic form of illness when we have all these other explanations for it?

Just trying to look at the big picture.

[gaiatechnician]

All bacteria have phage that attack them. A gummy biofilm with numerous blebs as decoys (as shown in the labs) would be a good way to stop them getting at the spirochete cells. Another good way would be to roll into a ball to reduce surface area that can be attacked. Bdellovibrio is unlikely to be alone in the group of bacteria that prey on other types. So if we look, we will probably find some bacteria that snack on spirochetes too. If viewed as an ecosystem, biofilms make sense, blebs make sense and spirochetes curling into balls make sense too. But many of the phage will have co-evolved to be less harmful to its favorite meal, the key is to find and breed a more virulent strain. I know that is particularly difficult with borrelia because the infectious agent of borrelia seems to be so tiny so how to separate out the phage from the borellia after culturing it? Brian

[inmacdonald]

Biofilms IN VIVO have been ratified and presented by Dr Eva Sapi.
Her studies on in VIVO biofilms continue.

The Study group for her proof of IN VIVO borrelia biofilms was from
human skin biopsy material obtained from Dr Klaus Eisendle.
Citation:

Eisendle, K., and B. Zelger. "The expanding spectrum of cutaneous borreliosis." Giornale Italiano di Dermatologia e Venereologia 144, no. 2 (2009): 157.

[ the author was Akhila Poruri- Podium presentation - Dec2102-
ILADS National Scientific Meeting
Boston Mass]
Citaion for In vitro borrelia biofilms';

Sapi, Eva, Scott L. Bastian, Cedric M. Mpoy, Shernea Scott, Amy Rattelle, Namrata Pabbati, Akhila Poruri et al. "Characterization of biofilm formation by Borrelia burgdorferi in vitro." PloS one 7, no. 10 (2012): e48277.

The Patients with In VIVO Borrelia biofilms wer humans who had Borrelia Lymphocytoma,
This is a more chronic Lyme Borrelia Dermatological condition
found in Europe, but not currently described in the USA.
Borrelia lymphocytoma is described in Mexican patients
Citation:

Gordillo-Pérez, Guadalupe, Javier Torres, Fortino Solórzano-Santos, Sylvie de Martino, Dan Lipsker, Edmundo Velázquez, Guillermo Ramon, Muñoz Onofre, and Benoit Jaulhac. "Borrelia burgdorferi infection and cutaneous Lyme disease, Mexico." Emerging infectious diseases 13, no. 10 (2007): 1556.

and
has been reported in the CDC publication
"Emerging Infectious Diseases"

Sapi and her group applied the same protocol to the Eisendle group
Borrelia Lymphocytoma cases as they did in their now Classic Paper on
In Vitro Bioflms of borrelia,namely the identification of groups of borrelia
in association with Extracellular matrix material investing and surrounding the
bioflm borrelia communities in human skin.
She is now investigating other Chronic Lyme borreliosis illnesses
for Biofilm communities of Borrelia.

Respectfully,
Alan B. MacDonald, MD FCAP , FASCP
February 4,2014

[ChronicLyme19]

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/next/body/ ... mers-cure/
"The Virus That Could Cure Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and More
By Jon Palfreman on Wed, 23 Mar 2016"

"Fisher set out to repeat Beka Solomon’s mouse experiments and found that with some difficulty he was able to show the M13 phage dissolved amyloid-beta plaques when the phage was delivered through the rodents’ nasal passages. Over the next two years, Fisher and his colleagues then discovered something totally unexpected: that the humble M13 virus could also dissolve other amyloid aggregates—the tau tangles found in Alzheimer’s and also the amyloid plaques associated with other diseases, including alpha-synuclein (Parkinson’s), huntingtin (Huntington’s disease), and superoxide dismutase (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). The phage even worked against the amyloids in prion diseases (a class that includes Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease). Fisher and his colleagues demonstrated this first in test tubes and then in a series of animal experiments. "